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IXAHUiRAL  ADDRESS 


HON.\V.  G.  RITCH,  PRESIDENT, 

DELIVERED   rfEFORE  THE  SOCIETY.  FEBRUARY  2  i    1881, 
AT   'THE    PALACE."    SANTA   FE.    N     M 


Ch         r,    Constitution,    and 
By-La  \vs. 


University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 


NEW   MEXICO. 


INAUGURAL  ADDRESS 


HON.  W.  G.  RITCH,    PRESIDENT, 

Delivered  before  the  Society,  Feb.  21,  1881, 
at  "The  Palace," 


,.     _ 

SANTA    FV  N  F:\V  •  tyEexico.  ^ 

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xico.         i 
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C(i\STrnrnoN  &  BY-LAWS. 


IGANIZED    L.l  [SHED  DE< 


-  I  \    i  I 
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^ 

, 


Historical  Society  of  New  Mexico, 


(RE-ORGANIZED.) 


OFFICERS. 


HON.  WM.  G.  RITCH, 

HON.  L.  BRADFORD  PRINCE, 

DAVID  J.  MILLER, 

WM.  M.  BERGER, 

LEU  M  AN  SPI  EG  ELIJERG 

J.  A.  PIERCE,      - 


-  PRESIDENT. 
VICE  PRESIDENT. 

-  CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY 
RECORDING  SECRETARY. 

-  TREASCREU. 
CURATOR. 


OFFICERS,    ORGANIZATION    1839. 


COL.  JOHN  B.  GRAYSON, 
WILLIAM  A.  STREET, 
WM.  J.  SLOAN, 
D.  V.  WHITING, 
WINSLOW  J.  HOWARD, 


-  PRESIDENT 
VICE  PRESIDENT. 

-  CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY. 
REC.  SECRETARY  &  TREASURER. 
CURATOR  &  LIBRARIAN. 


LI  It  Iv  A  1, 
;  i  v  KKS  IT  Y  <>K 
CALIF"  v. 

^fcafc 

lM0tnrirnl  fimrtij  of  lietu 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS 

OF 

HON.  W.  G.  RITCH,  President, 

DEMVERED       BEFORE      THE      SOCIETY       AT      "THE      PALACE, 
FEBRUARY     21,     1881. 


Members  of  the  Historical  Society: 

In  compliance  with  n  request  from  you,  my  colleague.-,  o!  tin-  Hi  - 
loriral  Society  of  New  Mexico,  t  appear  before  you  this  evening  to 
talk  with  you  in  the  interest  of  tin*  society,  and  to  make  such  suyj:e>- 
tions,  appropriate  to  the  occasion,  as  I  have  been  able  to  prepare 
amid  pressing  ollicial  duties. 

I'IKST     (»,'<;  AN  I/ A  I  ION. 

On  the  laM  Monday  in  December,  1859,  a  number  of  .uent  lemon  res- 
ident in  New  Mexico  formed  an  association  called  The  Historical  So- 
ciety of  New  Mexico.  This  much  we  learn  from  the  book  of  coi- 
ro*pOtldeitc€  of  that  soeiety.  over  the  signature  of  \Y\i\.  J.  Sloan,  the 
lii>t  <-orrev|)oiidinLi  secretary.  We  'earn  further  from  the  same 
MMiive.  that  the  soeiety  was  formally  oru'ani/el  by  the  adoption  of  a 
•oust  itntion.  and  the  election  of  otliecr-.  and  an  addres-  delivLM'cd  by 
the  Hon.  Kirby  licuedict.  then  chief  justice  of  the  Territory.  Other 
addrev-p^  \\crc  -iil>-ei|iient  ly  delivered  belore  the  -ociety  by  the  Uev. 
Samuel  (Airman,  (iovenmr  Win.  dilpin  <»t  Colorado,  and  Colonel 
John  11.  <.rav>on.  the  tir-i  |>n><idrut  of  tln>  -ociet\.  The  >ocii-t\ 
then  occupied  room*  when-  the  convent  of  t  he  Si>ter*  of  Charity  i> 
now  located,  and  where  it  remained  until  overtaken  by  the  rclcntlo* 
distr;ictiun>  and  \\  reck  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  The  inloro-t  ta- 
kon  in  the  soricly  by  the  people  of  New  Mexieu.  \\  a-  attested  duriii!; 


the  few  years  of  its  existence,  in  a  large  and  well  arranged  collection 
of  curiosities,  specimens  and  documents,  and  a  considerable  number 
of  books,  pamphlets  and  written  contributions.  The  officers  and 
members  of  the  society,  necessarily  absorbed  in  the  imperative  duties 
of  the  troublous  times,  and,  there  being'  no  responsible  guardian  to 
care  for  the^e  valuable  collections,  they  soon  became  scattered,  and  the 
remnants  were  finally  sold  to  liquidate  the  indebtedness.  Thus  was 
closed  out  a  fine  collection  gathered  during  three  years  of  commend- 
able success.  It  is  well  to  remark  here  for  the  information  of  mem- 
bers and  others  interested,  that  many  of  the  contributions  formerly 
made  to  the  society  arc  still  in  existence.  A  tew  have  already  been 
discovered  to  the  reorganized  society  ;  others  undoubtedly  will  be. 
This  work  of  recovery  can  be  greatly  facilitated  by  a  little  well-di- 
rected effort  among  the  members  generally. 

THE  RE-ESTABLISHMENT. 

On  the  21st  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  society,  effected 
as  stated,  and  pursuant  to  a  published  call  signed  by  David  J.  Mil- 
ler and  Louis  Felscnthal,  members  of  the  old  society,  and  by  others, 
for  the  'purpose,  there  assembled  at  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the 
Territory  another  "number  of  gentlemen,"  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
organizing or  re-establishing  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Mexico. 
With  the  result  of  that  meeting  you  are  all  more  or  less  familiar. 
Under  slight  modifications  of  the  constitution  of  the  old  society,  and 
on  the  anniversary  before  stated,  to-wit:  the  last  Monday  in  December, 
1880,  was  established  the  society  here  assembled  this  evening. 

ANNIVERSARY    ASSOCIATIONS. 

As  if  to  give  the  society  additional  character  by  anniversary  ussu  • 
ciation,  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  year  1880  dates  the  triennial  of 
the  first  explorations  of  Espejo  in  Astzlan,  as  the  country  to  the  north 
of  Mexico  was  then  known. 

1880  likewise  dates  the  second  centennial  of  the  opening  of  the  four- 
teen years  struggle  at  Santa  Fc,  by  the  Pueblo  or  Village  Indians  for 
discnthralment  from  their  imperious  task  masters,  and  the  final  es- 
tablishment of  their  freedom  from  serfdom  in  the  mines. 

In  addition  to  these  comes  the  most  important  of  all  associations, 
when  considered  in  the  light  of  results  certain  to  follow.  I,  of  course, 
refer  to  the  opening  of  railway  communication  with  Santa  Fc  and  with 
the  Territory  generally.  From  the  year  1880  dates  the  advent  of  the 
railroad  into  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande— from  thence  communica- 
ting through  the  cardinal  points  with  tlie  world.  Manifestly,  it  is  an 
e.vent  to  be  fraught,  with  the  grandest  results  ever  yet  known  to 
this  most  ancient  and  historical  land. 

DISTINGUISHED     V1.S1TOKS. 

Already  the  effect  is  eminently  apparent  in  the  character  [of  tin 
people  who  have  become  interested  in  New  Mexico:  and  in  no  sense 


morn  notably  -o.  than  in  commandinga  special  visit  from  ex-presi- 
dent (iiant  and  tainily  in  -Juno  last;  and  also  a  visit  from  President 
.  \\illi  his  family  and  parly,  in  October  follow  in,u.  The  <  Imin 
pf  time  Wollld  llni-  -ecm  to  annnr  well.  It  u  ;•  -  <|ii  i  I '  opportune  as 
e-lahlMiinu  an  or-aiii/al  ion  basing  for  not  tin-Ira.-!  o|  iu  object  -, 
tin-  reco\ery  and  prc-er\  at  ion  of  the  very  historical  fact.s,  with  which 
it  i  -  -«»  happih  a— ociatrd. 

In  t  lie  organic  law  of  tin1  .society,  the  second  Monday  of  .:annai  \ 
la-l  \\;i-Il\cda-  the  dale  for  the  annual  elect  ion  of  olh'ccrs,  and  t  hex 
\\  crc  accordingly  circled. 

THANKS. 

It  \\as  your  pleasure  to  honorme  with  an  election  to  the  chief  oflice 
of  \oiir  >or"u-ty.  I  improve  thi>  opportunity  to  express  to  yon  my 
hi^h  appreciation  of  the  honor— as  an  honor  worthy  of  the  ambition 
of  any  one,  especially  if  lie  feels  an  interest  in  the  history  of  the  Soul  h- 
u<-i.  I  thank  yon  for  this  expression  ofyonr  Unsolicited  sn tirade.-. 
A^  the  be.-t  return  I  can  express,  I  pledge  yon  an  honest  pnrpo-e  in 
the  execution  of  the  duties  involved;  always  remembering',  that,  in 
united  etlorl  and  hearty  co-operation,  alike  among  members,  comtnit- 
icc-  and  ollicers,  lies  es.-enlial  sneee--. 

OP.JECTS    OF    THE  SOfll-TV. 

The  object  of  the  society,    quoting  from  the  con-lit ntioii.  \\a>.  and 

"The  collection  and  preservation  under  its  own  care  and  direction 
ol  all  historical  facts,  manuscripts,  documents,  records  and  memoirs 
relating  to  the  history  of  the  Territory:  Indian  antiquities  and  enriosi- 
lie-:  grologieal  and  mineralogical  -}iccinien>:  geographical  maps  and 
information  and  objects  of  natural  history."  The  purpose  is  not  to 
write  history  under  the  sanction  of  the  society,  but  to  collect  the 
material  for  the  future  historian  and  antiquarian. 

The  basis  of  Operations  thus  defined  is  simple  and  broad,  and  1  be- 
lieve will  admit  every  legitimate  and  desirable  -nhjeet.  I'pon  the  im- 
portance of  an  historical  society  as  a  medium  of  di-covery  and  pre- 
-••rvation.  all  in  the  main  will  agree. 

<  n  \  I:AI  i  1:1:   <»i-'    i  11 1:   WUIJK. 

It  nou  become-  ii~  to  . -0,1-ider  in  -oine  degi-ee  the  i-haractrj-  of  the 
work  and  plan-  of  operation. 

\\'e  do  not  a- -nine  to  originate  any  lieu  -\vU-in:  nor  i-  SUCOMfl  ihu- 
dependent.  Historical  societies  in  the  world  of  science,  arc  among 
Iheolde-l.  \Veha\r  only  to  con-nit  frceh  .  and  be  guided  by.  the 
light  of  the  pa-t  adopting  that  finally  which  shall  best  prove  il-el! 
adaj'ted  to  our  UCCCSftltiOB,  and  our  tutnre  will  be  a-sured. 

The  might)  change  that  ha-  heen  wrought  inthi>  ancieiitaiidoi.ee 
i-olated  frontier  during  the  pa-t  few  mont  h-.  ha-  brought  to  t!:e  front 

\  and  vnricd  Unties  and  responsibilities.    A  thon-and  miles  of  mil- 


way  planted  upon  our  soil  during  a  brief  period,  with  other  thou- 
sands centering  thereon,  are  awaking  the  latent  possibilities  of  our 
rich  valleys  and  pastoral  ranges  and  richer  mountains  and  placers  of 
wealth.  The  transformation  is  in  some  respects  magical. 

With  the  scope  now  opened  to  the  indomitable  energy  of  the  indi- 
vidual American,  the  silence  and  repose  which  for  ages  has  reigned 
unbroken  in  so  many  places  over  the  remains  of  ancient  population 
will  be  lilted.  Antiquarians  and  curiosity  hunters  are  already  with 
ns  in  considerable  force,  and  collecting  and  carrying  away  in  wagon 
loads  that  which  legitimately  belongs  to  the  local  historical  society. 
Other  antiquarians  and  curiosity  hunters  are  coming  in  still  larger 
force.  Soon,  very  much  will  be  irretrievably  lost  to  Xew  Mexico. 
This  foraging,  so  to  speak,  must  be  looked  after  and  the  rights  and 
responsibilities  of  our  home  institutions  examined  into  and  asserted. 
With  new  people  coming  and  to  come,  new  settlements,  new  mineral 
developments,  and  the  building  of  new  citie*  and  towns,  and  with  the 
inseparable  new  life  and  fresh  vigor,  will  inevitably  come  their  oblit- 
erating cfiects  upon  the  monuments  in  archaeology  and  ethnology. 
Collections  in  antiquity,  and  researches,  too,  of  right,  should  receive 
attention  at  once.  The  opportunity  is  valuable  in  proportion  as  made 
available  in  advance  of  the  future.  Our  abiding  hope  should  be,  a.> 
our  manifest  duty  is,  to  snatch  from  oblivion  the  wonderful  evidences 
of  the  prehistoric  people  of  theSotithwest. 

DUTY  OF    THE  PEOPLE. 

This  hope  and  this  duty  belongs  to  the  people  of  the  whole  Territo- 
ry. The  pride  and  iiftcrest  to  collect  and  contribute  and  sustain  be- 
longs to  every  section  of  the  Territory  alike.  Every  citizen  should 
feel  an  individual  responsibility  and  become  interested  in  accordance 
with  his  opportunities  and  means.  In  this  manner  the  society  will 
not  only  maintain  an  existence,  but  will  become  healthy,  robust  and 
prosperous;  and  an  institution  in  which  every  citizen  might  and 
would  feel  a  just  pride  and  personal  interest. 

Smithson,  the  founder  of  that  grand  institution  for  research  and  dii- 
fnsion  of  scientific  knowledge,  which  bears  his  name,  left  the  follow- 
ing sentiment:  "The  man  of  science  has  no  country;  the  world  is  his 
country  and  all  men  are  his  countrymen.'7  The  late  Professor  Henry, 
the  able  secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute  in  its  early  history, 
embodied  the  sentiment  among  the  rules  of  action  for  its  board  of  re- 
gents. That  this  institution,  located  at  the  capital  of  the  nation  and 
the  center  of  scientific  intelligence  has  proved  a  wonderful  success, 
is  known  and  recogni/ed  by  cverv  intelligent  citizen  of  the  republic. 
So  let  it  be  with  the  founding  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Mex- 
ico. The  Southwest  is  its  world,  its  tield  of  operation,  and  all  men 
in  this,  its  world,  should  and  we  believe  will  become  its  friend  and 
patron.  This,  they  will  the  more  readily  be  as  they  come  more  an< 


more  to  realm-  that,  no  other,  in  the  whole  range  ol'  in>litutions. 
forms  so  important  a  relation  to  local  education,  whether  it  be  socie- 
ty.  commerce  or  politics.  Through  it,  the  resources,  apparent  «nd 
latent,  geography,  as  well  as  ancient,  and  natural  history,  and  antiqui- 
ties in  art,  are  all  made  familiar,  ami  available  alike  to  the  practical 
nnd  :est  helical.  No  less  in  importance  is  the  patriotic  effect  coming 
from  thorough  familiarity  with  one's  country.  P>egetting  love  of 
country  and  home  through  familiarity  with  its  histon ,  in  turn  brings 
love  of  liberty  for  the  sake  of  home  and  country. 

A   CRITICAL   EXAMINATION     INTO    THE     PAST, 

not  only  brings  clearly  to  the  mind  the  best  methods  in  human  exper- 
ience, familiarizes  man  with  such  experiences  as  .arc  worthy  of  be- 
ing  adopted  and  perpetuated  among  a  free  people,  but  likewise,  with 
o<|iial  clearness,  brings  to  the  mind  in  all  their  ugliness  and  deformi- 
ty the  quicksands' and  hidden  rocks  in  the  sea  of  life — those  methods 
in  political  >y>tem<.  inconsistent  with  liberty  and  happiness — those 
which  we.  as  rational  intelligent  beings,  arc  bound  to  observe,  correct 
and  avoid.  The  old  maxim,  ''history  is  philosophy  teaching  by  ex- 
perience." states  the  case  comprehensively. 

We,  the  people  of  New  Mexico  and  the  Southwest,  mu*t  look  to 
these  most  important  matters.  No  other  people  look  after  it  for  us, 
nor  as  we  can.  Let  us,  thcrefre.  at  once  adapt  ourselves  to  the  times 
and  plant  with  aggressive  perseverance  this  particular  institution  of 
an  enlightened  people  and  of  the  republic:  a  people  and  republic  with 
whom  every  person  present  this  evening,  in  common  with  every  good 
citi/en  of  the  Southwest,  is  proud  to  be  numbered. 

HISTORIC  A  L    SOCIETIES     IN     TIIK    UNITED    STATES. 

A  lew  general  remarks  with  reference  to  historical  societies  in  the 
I  'nited  Slates,  will,  we  tru>t,  be  of  interest.  The  parent  socielv  »•  - 
tahlMicd  in  America  wa-.  "The  American  Philosophical  Socieix." 
"i":mi/ed  at  Philadelphia  in  171.1,  with  llenjamin  rYanklin  as  ils  ih-i 
president.  This  institution  is  still  in  existence,  and  many  present 
this  evening,  who  al  tended  the  Centennial  in  1*7(1,  probably  devoted 
a  half  day  to  it<  venerahle  collection,  so  full  of  inleresl.  and  of  \\  hich 
th«-  people  of  Philadelphia  are  justly  very  proud. 

The  number  of  historical  societies  orga.ni/ed  sinceMhe  establishment 
of  tin-  I'niled    Slates  government  is  over  !«!«).      The    tir<l  o|'lhe>e   u  a- 
"The   Ma--achusrlts    IIMorical   Society."  nrgnni/cil    inl71M.    Nearly 
all    of  these  -oriet  it-  have  perpft  iia  ted  their  «»rga  ni/at  ion  to  the  piv 
ent  time,  and   thereby  afford  a   remarkable  illu-l  ration  of  tenacity  for 

•fe  and  stability  of  purpose    in  socieiiev  9iipporte<t  us  fehft 

1\   ai'e,   hy  pi'i  vale  cont  ribnt  ions.     These  societ  ies  were  ver\ 

^tarled  at    an  earlv  pei-iod  in  the   lijsiory  of  their  particular  locnlit  ie-. 

The\    generally  originated  iv  1th  the  people,  attd  were  establlshwt  i'\ 
•fid  for  the  people;  hence  the\  are  broad,  far-reaobing  and  uni\ 


not  confined  to  class  interests.  They  have  likcAvi.se  a  special  impor- 
tance above  the  societies  of  the  world  in  general,  by  reason  of  the 
character  of  the  free  institutions  of  our  country.  The  history  of  our 
land  and  nation  is  thus  being  preserved  with  a  degree  of  completeness 
unknown  to  any  other  people,  the  world  over. 

In  some  of  the  Western  States  the  historical  society  was  among  the 
institutions  first  to  be  considered.  The  society  in  Minnesota  was  es- 
tablished by  act  of  the  first  Territorial  Legislature.  Such  organi/a- 
tions  thus  early  are  a  testimonial  to  the  eminence  in  civilization  to 
which  these  communities  had  attained  from  their  first  political  exis- 
tence. It  is  among  these  frontier  states  that  societies  are  furnished 
with  free  apartments,  and  fostered  and  cared  for  by  free  grants  ot 
money  from  public  funds.  Thus,  the  state  of  Wisconsin  contributes 
annually  to  its  historical  society  about  $7,000,  expended  in  purchas- 
ing historical  works  of  special  merit  and  in  the  payment  of  salaries 
and  expenses.  As  a  consequence,  although  comparatively  young,  the 
Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  to-day  ranks  among  the  first  societies 
in  the  United  States. 

From  published  statistics  of  these  societies,  down  to  1876,  we  are 
enabled  to  give  the  following  aggregates  :  Number  of  members,  27.- 
244;  volumes  in  libraries,  482,041:  pamphlets,  including  newspaper 
files,  568,801  ;  manuscripts,  88,777,  and  the  volumes  of  manuscripts 
1,361;  number  of  printed  pages  issued  by  them,  principally  during  the 
past  seven!  y-iive  years,  is  equal  to  more  than  300  volumes  of  o/>()  pages 
each.  The  collection  of  antiquarian  specimens  and  curiosities  are  al- 
most beyond  computation.  Incomes  are  derived  chiefly  from  dues  of 
membership,  and  range  from  $15,000  annually,  the  amount  of  the  in- 
conic  of  the  Society  of  California  Pioneers,  and  of  the  Massachusetts 
Society  respectively,  down  to  nominal  sums  in  a  few  instances.  The 
value  of  the  lands,  edifices  and  permament  funds  of  the  several  societies 
amount  in  round  numbers  to  $2,000,000. 

These  statistics  are  certainly  very  substantial  proof  of  the  industry, 
patient  devotedness  and  effectiveness  of  the  work.  'With  this  show- 
ing before  us  and  with  our  vast  country  only  partially  developed  still 
before  us,  one  may  fairly  become  lost  in  speculation  and  wonder, 
when  estimating  the  importance  and  value  of  the  historical  society  of 
the  future. 

SEAT  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 

Corporally,  the  Historical  Societyof  New  Mexico,  is  located  at  Santa 
Fe;  incidentally,  because  of  its  being  the  capital  of  the  Territory  :  but 
really — and  with  manifest  propriety — because  of  its  being  the  center 
of  all  political,  military,  ecclesiastic  and  commercial  history,  in  its 
field,  during  the  past  three  centuries.  Santn  Fe  and  vicinity,  if  tradi- 
tions are  to  count,  likewise1  has  a  standing  in  pre-historie  limes.  We 
are  all  agreed,  1  Ihink,  that  it  may  very  justly  be  recorded  as  af  once 


thr   in,.   '    anetallt   -md    volnminoii-    -pei  imen  —  wo   w 

lti'i-1    ancient    Io->il       of  all  Ihe-pccimen-  that    llecr.-*a  ril  \     \\  i  1 1  i  ollllil.l  lid 

iln-  attention  of  the  society. 

Tin-;  ADOUI-:  TAI.A.  i:     .  ONGRJ 

A  moM  important  item  thii-  included,  is  the  old  "Adobe  ralace;" 
I  In-  I  in  ii  ii-  of  tin;  lonuc-t  line  of  ex  cell  I  ive-  knon  li  to  tin  •  I  ill  I  t.'d  Male-, 
where,  during  all  Ihis  lime.  l;i\\  .-  have  been  enacted  and  Indian  treat  ie~ 
negotiated,  and  in  thi>  lonjr  pa-t .  I'roiu  \\  lie  nee  i  in  periou-  edicts  have 
been  promulgated  and  -cut  lorili  -cattei'in^  death  and  trrrorall  aixxil 
Ilie  land.  \\re  have  thn>  ni<  ntiniied  t  his  ;nieieiit  edilice  lor  the  pMrjuir.' 
til'  callini:  atleiiti<»n  to  tin:  l'a<-t  that  the  Old  I'alacr.  unabridged,  -honld 
he  made  (he  permanent  -eat  of  the  -nrietv.  The  old  \M\\di\\g should 
|.e  ]ire-er\ c(\,  and  Urn-.  <-oulil  he  pre-er\  ed.  Iloxv  hotter  pre-er\-e  it 
than  hy  dedicating  i(  to  thi>  purpox-.  To  thin  end,  \\eare  in  duly 
hound  to  recommend,  a>  aiiioiii:'  the  first  duties  ol'  the  peo])le  of  \r\\ 
Mexico,  and  of  the  country,  to  ineiiioriali/e  ( !«rigl'CS8.  if  net:d  be.  a-k 
1'or  the  MH-ii-ty  a  charter  from  Cou^ros'and  make  it  atlirmat ivi-ly  na- 
tional in  character  by  national  authority.  The  >cope  of  object  miiihl 
I  hus  be  enlarged,  a  more  cx.1  ondetl  rejiute.  a  wider  ranu'e  of  i)alron- 
and  broader  field  of  nsrfnlnr>>  could  and  would  thus  be  assured.  A 
iientleman.  to  wlmm  \\  e  made  the  -nu-e-t  ion  the  other  day  exclaim- 
ed: "Why.  1  had  no  idea  of  the  >o<-iet\  taking  in  so  wide  a  -cope!" 
( 'an  any  per-on  i^'ive  a  -noil  iva-oii  \\liy  we  should  not  con--'nler  it  in 
I  hi-  liii'lit''  and  \\'ith  hope*  foi-  suocessi' 

( 'oniire->,  \\  it  hin  ihe  pa-t  fe\\  ye;ir-.  ha>  eiiua^ed  in  the  e>taldi>h- 
nien!  and  i-m-oiirap'nn-nl  of  national  J'ai'ks  and  ]SIn>iMim>,  at  the 
Vo^ciniie  and  the  Yellow>tone.  \\i)h  i-oii-idci-able  annual  expendi- 
tures: and  why  not  en«ra.ire  in  a  National  Mu-eum.  or  in  other  word  = 
aNulitMial  Historical  Society  in  the  Soiit  hwe.-t :'  u  here  ihere  is  an 
liistorical  field  of  magnitude,  ha\  iiiu'a;i  historical  edifice  the  sole  pro- 
peri  \  of  t  he  I '  n  i  led  Slate-  >i«  iiate  in  the  mo-i  ancient  hist  orieal  cen- 
ter ofthe  nation.  The  precedent-,  a-  we  have  noted,  is  clear  in  aut  hor- 
i/in.u.  The  -nhjeci  i-  abundantly  worthy  of  the  -erioii-  eon-ideration 
of  the  diMin-ui-hcd  authority  in  control,  (.ivetolhe  -ociel y  the 
pel-main  nt  control  of  the  1'alace  property,  and  the  rents  ihat  \\oiild 
be  derived  from  Surplus  room,  would  at  once  place  the  -ociety  upon 
i  golf  supporting  basis,  ThU  proportion  ha- an  advantage  over  MM- 
I  \\  o  named  in  ecuiiomx  of  c\ )>endit  nre:  -nrely.  Con-re--  could  not 
well  alford  nc-leciiiiL:  to  make  permanent  .-o  commendable  an  in-titu- 
lion.  It  -e,  in.  to  me  \\orth\  of  an  ellbrt.  We'll  nol  obtain  it  mile  — 
ih«-  people  try  for  it.  Therefore,  we  -ay.  let'-  try. 

\    i -t> i.  i;i>  i  '.-    -111:1  x 

I  li-ioi  ically,  the  old  town  Of  Santa  l-'e.  and  the  Adobe  1'alac.-.  ra<-h 
belong  to  the  COQlltry.  They  \\ill  c'.»ii-lit  ute  a  -hrinc.  al  which  MM- 
ful-ure  toiiri-l  w  11  tarry,  and  with  -in  e\  e  '"  bit  SI  11  CSS,  we  may  remark. 


10 

will  thus  become  one  ef  the  special  inducements  to  bring  pleasure- 
seekers  crossing  the  continent  by  way  of  Kew  Mexico.  Emphasize 
thift  fact  by  making  the  Old  Palace  the  seat  df  a  National  Historical 
Sooiety. 

Application  has  already  been  made  for  society  rooms  on  the  Palace 
property.  We  hope  for  a  favorable  response.  In  any  event,  whether 
the  Washington  powers  are  disposed  to  favor  the  society  or  not,  therQ 
•:an  be  no  doubt  of  the  just  propriety  and  just  duty  of  the  whole  peo- 
ple interesting  themselves  in,  contributing  to,  and  helping  to  sustain 
the  Historical  Society  in  the  work  you  have  declared  for  in  your  fun- 
damental law. 

Good  rooms  secured  permanently,  and  the'guarantee  which  will  thus 
be  offered  for  the  safety  and  care  of  manuscripts  and  historical  relief 
will  no  doubt  be  appreciated,  aud  the  owners  and  holders  thereof  will 
be  glad  to  deposit  in  the  archives  their  historical  treasures  and  thus 
save  them  from  destruction.  How  many  valuable  documents  the  world 
over,  have  already  perished  by  reason  of  the  absence  of  an  Historical 
Society.  On  the  other  hand  think  of  the  number  saved  by  their  exis- 
tence. No  place  on  this  broad  continent  stands  more  in  need  of  the 
fusteriug  care  ef  an  Historical  Society  than  this  Territory,  Send  in 
your  names  for  membership  promptly,  every  body,  north,  sou  I  li,  cast 
and  west  accompanied  by  the  trifling  charge  for  admission, 

COU RESPONDENTS  FOR  EVEKV  LOCALITY. 

When  the  membership  shall  have  been  obtained,  there  will  be  one 
or  more  suitable  persons  appointed  in  every  material  locality  as  cor- 
responding members,  whose  special  duty  it  will  become  to  gather  and 
receive  specimens  in  nature  and  art,  documents  and  traditions,  old 
pamphlets  and  newspaper  files;  and  according  as  his  time  and  incli- 
nation shall  prompt,  to  make  written  contributions  with  special  re- 
ference to  his  neighborhood,  people  and  locality.  Family,  genealogical 
and  precinct  histories  can  be  included  with  the  best  of  results.  Too 
much,,  however,  must  not  be  expected  from  the  correspondent.  Evert 
member  in  his  locality  should  show  his  sympathy  and  support  in  good 
words  and  material  acts.  Each  member  thus  has  the  power  to  aid 
and  contribute  to  ;sueees>. 

THE    '.XEWSPAPIilC 

i*  a  moat  valuable  medium  through  which  to  arouse  interest  and  in- 
cite  support,  to  make  known  the  character  and  value  of  the  institu- 
tion, and  to 'diffuse  knowledge  brought  out  in  approved  contributions 
and  lectures.  These  good  offices,  we  have  no  doubt,  will  be  brought 
into  play,  both  through  solicitations  and  diffusion,  and  will  be  made 
valuable  proportionately  to  the  interest  asserted  by  the  people  and 
the  demand  lor  knowledge.  The  newspaper  is  a  follower  of  public 
opinion  as  well  as  a  leader.  The  greatest  number  of  copies  sold  i- 
the  business  view.  Domestic  necessity  and  current  expense?  are  with 


tin-ill  I  In-  -ainr-  realil)   a-  in  other  \\:dL-  oi  111.-.     I  IrtWCVer.  >  <    ftrfl 
t«.  bi-lieve.  ami  do  believe.  that  theprc--  «>i   the  Tfri-ih.iv    \\ill   be  in 

' 


:«ds  am-e  oi  (In-  people  on  Ihi-  one-lion.      N\Y  cut  on  :iin  wydyOllbt,  th'at 
itor  of  every  material  n<>\\  -pan-  <\fl   be  *\-  J 


ih«-  L-ood  \vill  of  every  editor  of  every  material  n<>\\  -papn-  <\jfl^  be  *\-  J  /, 
i-mpliiied  h.  \\.-u.  I  i  he  -.M-iei\   in  honorable  etlori-  to  cultivate  not  only 
it  love  (in-  local  hi-ior\  :inil  a  pride  in  the  object-  un«l  pnrpo.^i^  of  /Ue 

-  is,  IHII  likcwi^f  in  tin;  inritinu  of  a  hrnllhv  intort^i  ainoiiu-  ihf 
peojn1*'  in  making  follrct  ion.-  and  rontrihutions;  not  forget  tin<£  to  re- 
niiinl  tln>  collector  Mini  contributor  to  affonipaiiy  ih<'  >:ime  with  tl»^ 
|..«-;ilii\.  >«-itiiiL'>  and  ^nrroiindings.  in  short,  tho  history  td'th^  arti-  .«: 

"iiirilnitiMl.  and  in  tho  f-aroiul  i)ackin^  and  safe  transit  to  tho  >oc5o- 
iv.  Ka.-li  ne\v>pap<>r.  M  ithont  douhi.  will  contribute  as  in  oiherstnte>. 
a  copy  •»('  their  papor  rrgnlarly,  and  thoreby  avail  itself  of  an  oppor- 
tunity to  permanently  preserve  their  files  for  future  reference.  Here 
\\  t;  \\ill  aUi»  remark  that  current  pamphlets  should  not  be  forgotten. 
h  N  a  -ayinu  worthy  of  remembering  that  the  •'linhhieh  of  one  jfpne- 
rftiion  i^  t  lie  treasure  of  another." 

MISDIHBC'TKlt   KKKOI5TS    I  LLUSTK  ATKJ). 

NVIiilc  touching  upon  the  press  we  will  add  a  word  with  roforen,-,- 
(•I  n-'vclinu  correspondents  of  newspapers  East  and  elsewhere.  It  \, 
\er>  rlear  to  every  intelligent  observer  who  has  p:i«-cd  the  Blender- 
tool"  period,  that  these  traveling  Bohemians  nnnually  waste  a  power 

•  •I  vital  cneriiv  in  the  careless  misrepresent  at  ion<  willi  which  the  pub-  • 
li.-atioii-  they  represent  an-  frcio-hted.     There  is  a  suflic.ioncy  of  ini-- 
direried  eflort  thus  ignorantly  wa<te<l  to  work  wondeis  \fere  it  intel- 
ii"»-nily  applied.  Xor  is  this  cliarac<eristi<-  confined  to  the  lesi=er  light* 

•  »f  the  pre—  .     In  illustration:     It   was  only  a   few  years  since  that  a 
leading  Xew  York  Mnjra/ino,  in  an  article  especially  dedicated  to  New 
Mexi  it  I  in-  'jvoL^raphical  locati<.n  a-  b»'ini»-  ^ourh  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Arizona. 

Another  specimen.  \va-  an  Indian  agent,  who  having  cro--cd  the 
plain-  liy  ^taj^e  from  the  East  to  Santa  IV.  iravc  form  to  his  re^ivi- 
lor  not  taking  a  more  comfortable  route  and  coining  by  -teamcr  to 
•^anta  !'•-.  l>\  way  ot  the  gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Rio  (irande.  Kvon 
l.li  rerkin-.  writinti;  over  hi-  OAVII  signature,  lor  the  \ew  York  Sun, 
in  1^77,  tell-  about  the  facility  \\itli  which  government,  forts  along 
it..-  \l.-\ican  frontier,  can  be  reached  b\  -tcamboat-  from  Ft.  l'.li-> 

The  ol«l  l*cco-  church  i-  by  turns  written,  a-  an  A/tec  temple  de- 
dieateil  to  Monte/uma  ami  the  Sun  lor  unknown  generations  prior  to 
rlnrnpean  iiiimigraiioii--or.  that  it  wa-  erected  by  thc.le«uit«  a  cen-. 
prior  lo  their  pre-ence  upon  the  \Ve-iern  continent. 

l.vcrv  body  at  all  familiar  \\  ilh   faet-.  well   know-   th«-   I'ccn-  church 

erected    iimlt-r   l-'ranci^can  diredinn  and   thai    the  .le-uii-   never 

in  New  Mexico  as  an  «»r»ani/at.ion  prior  to  their  dlthVulties  with 

the  Italian  government,  only  a  few  years  since.     Thus  we  might  ex- 


12 

tend  indefinitely  on  I'he  productions  ol  these  scribblers.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  say,  thai  the  average  correspondent  shows  in  some  instances 
an  entire  want  of  knowledge.,  not  only  with  reference  to  history  and 
;.feogTaphy, .but  of  tlic  people,  their  customs  and  the  products  of  the 
country.  The  recklessness  of  the  enthusiast  in  representing  the  agri- 
cultural possibilities  of  the  Territory  unsurpassed,  is  only  equalled  by 
ilie  ravines  of  some  unappreciated  penny-a-liner,  in  writing  the  coun- 
try down  as  no  better  than  the  sands  of  Sahara. 

I'HK   HISTORIC    REMAINS. 

That  t  his  conn  try  once  supported  and  \vas  the  home  of  a  race  of  peo- 
ple in  some  respects  superior  to  those  found  by  the  iirst  European  ex- 
plorers, is  a  conclusion  amply  warranted,  when  the  remains  of  their 
structures  arc  considered.  Thus,  the  ruins,  including  Avails  of  si  out- 
laid in  uniform  courses,  found  in  the  canons  of  the  Maiicos  (Jhaco,  and 
de  Chelle  and  elsewhere,  possess  merits  of  superior  workmanship 
over  those  of  a  later  period,  and  some  of  which  we  can  attest  from 
personal  observation,  \Ve  have  seen  and  examined  -work  that  A\a> 
mechanically  correct  in  construction,  being:  square  in  plan,  and  plumb 
and  level  in  erection.  ( -lift' houses  in  the  same  vicinity  are  st  511  extant, 
and  from  their  inaccessibility  excite  wonder  ami  surprise.  Think  of 
a.  canon,  wall  1,200  feet  in  height,  wherein,  at  a  .point  200  feet  in  perpen- 
dicular line  from  the  top.  and  as  many  teet  in  a  perpendicular  line 
above  the  last  accessible  climbing  spot .  there  is  to  be  found  in  immense 
pigeon-bole  openings,  on  a  horizontal  line,  tour  clifT  houses,  one  in 
each  of  the  pigeon-holes.  Evidences!  ol'aprc  historic  people  are  attest - 
id,  among  other  authorities,  in  the  discoveries  reported  of  Col.  Cireen- 
ivood.  in  charge  of  an  engineering  party,  surveying  the  H5th  parallel 
route  in  Ist'JT-Gtf  wherein  he  found  near  the  San  Francisco  mountains, 
a  broken  jar.  into  the  hollow  of  which  lava  had  flown,  and  the  skele- 
ton of  a  man  encased  in  the  same  material. 

Neither  history  nor  tradition,  so  far  as  A\  e  have  discovered,  record 
any  volcanic  eruption.  Another  illustration,  possibly  of  still  greater 
antiquity,  \va-  the  finding' of  a  human  skull  in  1877,  by  AV".  H.  Jackson, 
of  the  Harden  Survey,  in  the  Chaco  canon,  located  about  100  miles  due 
west  of  Santa  Fe.  lie  found  the  skull  in  a  stratum  of  broken  pottery. 
Hint  clipping's  and  small  bones,  firmly  embedded  in  a  coarse  gravelly 
deposit,  fourteen  feet  below  the  surface,  and  exposedbyan  arroyo  run- 
ning' very  near  t  he  ancient  pueblo  house,  now  in  ruins,  and  known  as 
the  Pueblo  del  .Arroyo.  The  stratum  thus  exposed  so  deep,  find  do  \\  11 
under  the  foundation  of  an  old  ruin,  of  course  suggests  many  possibi- 
lities under  arclueological  skill.  Excavations  during'  the  past  few 
months,  of  old  mines  near  Abo.  revealed  another  human  skeleton, 
found  in  a  room  which  had  been  overwhelmed  in  an  eruption  of  lava. 
Traces  of  ruins,  as  we  are  credibly  informed,  are  also  found  on  tlu 
Xavajo  reservation  and  elsewhere,  where  the  site  is  overgrown  witl 


1:: 

i,in-*l  live*.  Oil.. -r  ruin*,  ol  a  m. .re  reci-nl  date.  e\idenll\.  an-  found 
iH-.-ir  n  n>*  i  or  nil  of  the  Pueblo  villages  of  to-day.  They  were  const  j^uct- 

.-(I  in  >ome  inslancr*  of  adoh<>.  and  in  other*  of  rude  stone-work,  laid 
in  adobe  nmrlar.  Many  of  them  arc  known  t<»  have  been  inhabited  ai 
I  he  time  of  the  Spanish  occupation,  by  ot  her  1'neblo  tribe*  or  bands. 
a-  i*  *uHicient ly  verified  in  the  \\  riling  ol'  Spanish  historian*.  The 
population  I  hen  credited  to  the  count  r\.  was  largely  in  excess  of  the 
prrsriit.  and  dearly  numbered  at  least  double  1  he  cut  ire  population  of 
\e\\  Mr\ir<>  to-day.  Knin«  of  Ihe  cliaraeler  ]a*l  referred  i».  are.  in- 
deed, found  in  nearly  every  portion  of  the  Territory.  Mining  shaft* 
and  ruin*  ol  *mclters,  with  quantities  of  sla.u'  in  the,  vicinity,  but  *cal- 
ed  10  liiiinan  occupancy,  prohahly  h\  the  I'nehlo  insurreel  ion  of  l»»xn. 
eUfwht-re  <le*crihed.  and  some  of  them  claimed  in  Indian  tradition  a* 
Inivin.ii  l»een  worked  by  the  nativo  prior  to  the  Spani»h  occupation, 
are  n<»\\  cninini:  (<>  li^ht  under  the  irre*isi  ilt|<;  onward  })ro*peetinii'  of 
o'nr  day  and  time.  Kuins  (dm  churches  and  convents  arc  also  included 
in  I  lie  discoverie*. 

T  I :  A  I » I  TI  i » N  -  — •  I  M,  r  ST  I,'  A  T  I  O  N  S . 

Tr:ulitioii!»  mu>l  have  a  place,  and  of  which  there  are  many  and  va- 
ried, and  some  of  which,  ante-date  the  presence  of  the  Kiiropcan.  A 
few  ill  illustration  : 

The  Indian's  idea  of  a  I'm  ure  stale  is  a  habitation  beneath  a  vast  un- 
•  I.  i --i-niind  lake,  wln-rr  melons  ami  peaches  and  beaut iful  maidons  ami 
h<>r*p*  are  in  never-ending  supply  for  thc^ood. 

The  Xufii  Indian*  liavc  an  account  of  the  settlement  on  Old  Xuni 
i"in-*a.  (The  lallor  \\  ill  be  understood  a*  an  elevated  taldcland  de- 
tached from  the  flanking  bltifl'*.  dilHcult  of  acrr.**  and  st:indini(  alone. 
liUc  an  i*laml.  in  the  valley  of  the  Xuni  river.  This  mo>a  is  aboni 
iu<>  mile-  in  length,  a  mile  wide  in  place*,  and  nine  hundred  led 
lii.irh.)  Old  Tedn.  Tino.  the  nestor  of  this  pueblo,  relato>  in  kttifcal 
*«>!emnity.  thai  I  he  *ei  |  lement  aro*e  in  a  neeo.*>il\-  for  placing  tliein- 
*el\-es  be\  (»nd  the  reach  of  the  delude.  It  will  be  of  interest  to  all  <»f 
\nii.niidnnbiedly.io  learn  that  tho  tradition  prosrrves  its  parallel 
\\iih  that  uiven  to  us  in  Sacre<i  Writ,  and  whereby  you  will  learn 

ihiiiLini    \  our  ance*i  or*.     The  Xnni    tradition  relates.    ho\v    ihc 

« .  n  ;ii  >|iiril  de*i^-nat«M|  t  hem  a*  I  he  favnn-d  people.-  i  he  only  people, 
indeed.  *a\  ed  from  the  cU'ed*  of  that  historical  tlooil  :  and  that  all  th«- 
people  of  earl  h  im\\  I  i  v  i  \\n ',  a  re  descended  from  t  he  I  ndian*  of  Xnni 
llm-  lav  oie. I. 

Another  Iradilinn.     a  \\riiien  record  of  which    is    to    lie    found    in 
-nine  of   the  pueblo*,    i*  that    1'eco*  pueblo  \\  a  *   I  he  birth   place  of  \|ou 
U/nnia;   thai  afh-r  by  had  grown  lo  man'*  «-*iai.»  he  *|:.I\\IM|   hiin*cll 
-ed  of   *npcrnatiiral    pn\\e|-  ;  (hat  he.    at  ;(  ccrf.vri  lime,  a**ein 
lai'L-e  number  (»f  hi-  people  and  Parted  from  Nc\\     M"\ico  on   a 
l"iiiilr\   *milh.  Monte/iima  ridin»  mi  ihc  b:i.|.   ..f   an   eagle;    .md    llm 

in  .idv  me.-,  u.i    iuh.    |..-.,pic.  a    >,.f  lie-  star  to  the  tviae  men 


14 

of  the  East.  Wherever  the  eagle  slopped  at  night  there  was  planted 
an  Indian  pueblo.  The  sign  of  arriving  at  the  site  of  the  great  city 
and  capital  of  the  A 7. tec  nation,  was  to  be  the  '•'alighting  of  the  eagle 
upon  a  cactus  bush  and  devouring  a  serpent/'  This  event  took  place 
when  the  eagle  arrived  at  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Mexico,  then 
fiist  made  a  city  and  capital.  The  legend  has  been  made  memorable 
by  the  action  of  the  republic  of  Mexico  in  adopting  the  alighting  of 
the  eagle,  as  the  design  ef  the  national  seal.  The  same  design  is  like- 
wise stamped  on  Mexican  coins.  The  founding  of  the  City  of  Me\i«  u 
is  dated  133",. 

SPA  N  IS  H    KX  PLOR  A  TlON  S. 

The  corning;  of  i  he  Spanish  explorer  marks  a  new  era  in  ihe  history 
of  the  country.  First,  we  have  the  remarkable  story  of  Cabeca  vte 
Vae.a,  from  1528  to  lf>3ti  :  how  he  journeyed  by  water  and  by  land,  all 
the  way  from  Florida,  and  reciting  hardships,  misery,  shipwreck* 
and  death  attending  the  expedition;  of  the  hair-breadth  escapes  and 
expedients  of  himself  and  three  sole  surviving  companions,  while 
making  their  trans-continental  passage  through  a  vast  wilderness,  and 
an  unknown  land  of  wild  and  hostile  Indians.  From  Yaca  we  also 
have  the  account  of  village  Indians  among  whom  he  tarried  for  a 
time,  enjoying  their  hospitality.  From  his  description  of  the  people. 
and  from  the  cross  and  other  religious  symbols  found  by  subsequent 
explorers,  it  is  believed  he  journeyed  I  [.rough  what  is  now  known  a?. 
New  Mexico.  Then  we  have  an  account  of  his  arrival  at  Sau  Miguel, 
on  the  Gulf  of  California,  many  thousands  of  miles  overland  from 
whence  he  started,  and  his  account  of  the  thrilling  adventures,  and 
the  marvelous  country  through  which  he  had  journeyed  for  eight 
eventful  years. 

Immediately  following  the  latter  comes  the  expedition  of  Friar 
,  accompanied  by  Kstevan,  the  negro  companion  of  Vaca.  The 
indiscretions  of  Estevan,  at  Xniii,  resulted  in  his  death,  and  precipiU 
ted  the  return  of  }fiza,  without  practical  results. 

*f  CO  RON  A  DO,    lf)40. 

Coronado's  memorable  expedition  followed  in  K>40,  in  a  mad  cha 
for  gold,  extending  his  travels,  according  to  General  Simpson's  inter- 
pretation, from  the  Gulf  of  California  via  Zniii  and  Peco«,  on  to  the 
southern  central  Nebraska  of  to-day,  far  to  the  northeast.  Amoni/- 
the  facts  learned  from  this  expedition  was  the  provident  stores  for 
future  emergencies,  made  by  the  Pueblo  Indians,  amounting  to  two 
and  three  years  supply.  We  also  learn  of  their  hospitality  toward 
Coronado  and  his  men.  and  how  it  was  sometimes  reciprocated  by 
treachery.  This-expcditiou  brought  with  them  sheep,  and  probably 
dates  their  introduction  into  New  Mexico.  The  expedition,  after 
about  two  years- .returned disheartened,  without  financial  success  and 
in  disgrace. 


•• 

; 


15 

ESPEJO'S  EXPEDITIONS. 

The  next  expeditions  of  material  importance  were  those  of  Espejo, 
coming  by  way  of  the  Rio  Grande  valley,  forty  years  later.  The  first 
was  prompted  in  humanity  and  had  specially  for  its  object  the  rescue 

».  ra!  Franciscan  friars,  who  had  ascended  the  Rio  Grande  val- 
ley,  and  been  deserted  by  their  small  escort.  Espejo's  arrival  was  too 
Iftti  however,  to  make  his  errand  of  mercy  available.  The  several 
priests  hud  all  been  massacred  by  the  Indians.  He  then  visited  the 
country  west  as  far  ao  Zuni  and  Moqui  and  returned  to  Mexico 

•i'l-njueiitly    made    another    expedition    covering'    nearly    the 

:  run  ml  west,  and  made  careful  notes  of  observations.    He  return- 

ed passing  near  the  Placia  mountains,   attempted   to  visit  .Santa  Fe. 

>-Mf  was  met  by  forty  thousand  Indians,  ah  \\v.  are    told,  and  driven 

He  returned  to  Xacatecas,  from  whence   he  came,  by  way  of 

the  IVco-  ami  <  'oncho  rivers.     The  reports  of  Kspeju  were  uf  much 

to  tho-r  \v  ho  subsequently  came  to  New  Mexico. 


FIKRT    SKTTI.KMKNT. 

lli«  tii>t  immigration  to  New  Mexico  that  resulted  in  a  permanent 
.rttlrmrnt.  wa-  under  Onate,  about  I.j97.  This  colony  settled  in  Kio 
.Vrriha  eoimty.  where  the  Kio  Chama  forms  a  junction  with  the  Ki<-> 
drande.  and  now  tin?  terminus  of  the  Denver  and  Kio  (Grande  rail- 
road. Tlii-  -ettJemeiif.  according  to  Shea,  was  named  by  Onate,  *-San 
liabriel."  It  i<  n<>\v  known  as  (,'hamita,  or  Espanol.  the  latter  Ix-inj: 
the  nanif  iriveii  t«>  tin1  station  by  the  railroad  eompany.  The  follow- 
inu  \i-ar  a  sel  (lenient  was  mude  at  Santa  Fe.  Arconlinjr  to  some 
aulhuritics  il  u;<-  then  named  el  Teyuayo:  bein^  a  Spanish  adaptat  ion 
»l  the  word  Teuua.  the  name  of  the  Pueblo  nation  then  quite  numer- 
oii-,  and  ocriipyin^  Sant:i  I'e  rounty  and  vicinity.  From  this  time 
forward  there  -eem-  to  have  ]><-eii  a  considerable  Spanish  population 
in  tin-  Territory:  Undergoing  varying  fortunes,  however,  incident  to 
revolution-  and  failuro  of  cn»p<.  In  H»i;o.  Shen  *:»y«  th<-  eountry  wa« 
abandoned. 

rri:i:i.n  I  \>l  K  i;  i;<   i  io\  . 

In  l«i*o,  on  tin.  other  hand,  the  country  .-cem-  to  IjftTe  been  occupied, 
;«-  \ve  timl  very  full  documentary  evidence  of  the  Spaniards  havinj: 
hcen  «lri\en  out  of  >anta  Fe  and  the  Territory.  b\  the  Pueblo  Indian-. 
It  \\.i-  then  tluit  the  <  liur«-he>  and  convent*  were  burned;  >peciti.*allr  . 
we  mar  n  uiir  i  he  San  MiuiU'l  church,  in  Santa  Ke.  relmilt  in  171U  and 
>till  in  n-..-.  \  -.(..nr  cnclo-nrf.  i«  \\  e  are  told,  was  erected  in  the 
pla/.a  of  >ania  Fc.  |  .....  ilily  near  tvhcrr  the  .-uhlicr*  nionnment  now 
>taiul-.  and  into  \\hich  the  ••Imn-li  veMincnN,  ihr  hi.lv  resgelfl  and  *ll 
archire.-  and  «locnment-  b«lon^in.ir  «<»  the  -«n  »-i  ninent  and  then  re- 
maining. \vi  •!•.-  ca-t  and  nurii'  d:  many  of  the  >pani>li  |iopulatiou  in- 
'•Indin*  >everal  prir>i  -  \\  i-rc  overtaken  and  killed.  The  Indian-  .-ou^ht  . 
in  tine,  to  ol»lit«-r;iie  r\er  trace  that  miulH  remind  them  of  tin-  ^an- 


16 

iard,  Wive.?  taken  in  marriage  under  the  ritqs  of  the  church  were 
cast  off.  'Mining ;  shafts  were  tilled .-up  and  nnclters  destroyed.  Tho 
Indians  (hereafter  remained  masters  of  (he  country  until  K>0i,  wliru 
under  reverses  a  compromise  was  effected,  upon  the  Spaniards  obliga- 
ting themselves  ID  abandon  all  right  to  work  the  mines.  Tlie  latter 
were  looked  upon  by  the  I'ueblos  as  largely  the  cause,  of  all  their'woc- 
and  oppressions.  'J  he  Indian  had  been  forced  to  become  a  bearer  of 
burthens.  He  hud  been  made  to  carry  upon  his  back  Irom  deep  shaft  -. 
up  rude  ladders.,  the  ores  quarried  from  I  he  depths.  He  had  been  driv- 
en from  home  and  family  to  this  humiliation  and  oppn»ion,  while  hi> 
imperious  task  musters  remained,  revelling  in  debauchery,  at  the 
homes  of  those  they  had  reduced  to  slavery.  After  the  revolution, 
Die  Spaniards  were  forced  to content  themselves  with  occupation- 
incident  to  cultivating  the  soil  and  stock-raising.  This  eompro.mise 
lasted  unbroken  for  many  years.  Much. of  history  lor  three  quarter- 
of  a  century  prior  to  1  Mo.  is,  largely  dependent  upon  tradition.  If 
comes  considerably  mutilated  in  transmission  through  the  ravages  of 
lime  and  fluctuations  of  empire:  still,  when  taken  in  connection  with 
the  remains  <>f  antiquity  and  the  conclusions  of  the  antiquarian,  they 
all  have,  their  place  in  arriving*  at  the  truth  of  the  past. 

FOLLOWING   THE    KESTO  It  A'i  ION    OF  H>94. 

The  event-  following  tlie  Spanish  restoration  are  lobe  found  largely 
in  the  accounts  of  revolutions,  Indian  campaign*  and  depredation-, 
and  an  occasional  famine.  The  population  in  17'J!).  a>  olVicialh  stated. 
was  'j:),7»»U  Spaniards,  and  10,369  mission  Indians.  Items  historic,-)!. 
from  this  date  forward,  accumulate  with  accelerating  progression. 

Tin:    i  II:ST  MKKCII AMUSK 

was  brought  to  New  Mexico  from  ea>t  of  tlie  plains  in  ISOi.  It  wa- 
sent  from  Kaskaskia,  Illinois.  Captain  Xebulon  JJike.  {.'.  S.  A.  while 
making  explorations  in  180G,  unintentionally  found  himself  and  com- 
mand on  Mexican  domain:  and  Governor  Alencastor's  soldier-  tlm- 
linding1  him,  brought  him  a  prinoncr  to  Santa  Fe:  and  after  a  few  days 
incarceration  in  the  very  building- in  which  we  are  all  assembled  ihi> 
evening,  he  was  sent  a  prisoner  to  Chihuahua,  where  he  was  released 
and  sent  home,  minus  valuable  papcr>. 

T1IK    MEXICAN     nUlTJlLK!. 

In  ISiM  came  Mexican  independence,  ami  in  IS'J-J  came  to  New  Mcx 
ico  a  government  under  the  republic  with  Francis  Xavier  Chave>.  a> 
])olitical  chief.  The  overland  trade  with  the  Tinted  States  virtually 
dales  from  the  same  year.  Events  familiar  to  many  of  you  now  trans- 
pire rapidly.  A  long' line  of  names  ]>rominent  in  the  History  of  the  re- 
public follow:  >onie  of  them  illustrious  in  the  history  of  the  Territory. 
Thus,  the  names  of  Chave.s,  Otero.  Haea.  IJomero.  Marline/,.  Abren. 
Luna.  Arnrijo.  Sanelie/,.  Valde/.  Orii/.  and  others,  are  each  and  all  in* 


IT 

'h]\-   identified.     November  -JlMlu  is&"i.  become-   memorable  from 
l»ciu-  the  tint  r  «•!'  publication  ol'  the  lir>t  new-paper  ••  -  •  .  Loiii-. 

It  wa-  named  ••!•;!  Crepn&CIIJm"  (Tin1  Dawn.)  1837  brin^r-  n-  lo  the 
thrillhu'  i  tin-  revolution,  that  resuiled  in  {In-  a--a--iuation  of 

<  -..\  ernor  Peras,     L842,  date-  th«-  lexafi  invasion,  and  Au.iruM  Ihth.  1846 

TIM:   AMKRIOAB  i  ION 

of  N  l>y  General  Stephen  NV.  Kearney.    The  history  of  the 

Territory  following,  in  addit  ion  to  names  already  izivcn,  will  include 
many  pi-r^on-  gn there  i  to  their  lathers,  prominent  simony  whom  will 
l>e  found  lho>e  of  (irr^.  Doniphan/.  I>rnt.  N'iuil,  Wati'ons,  St.  N'rain, 
1'ino,  Car-(»n,  I»<-aiil>i:in,  S.  .1.  Spii-^rltM'r«r.  Dold,  Lane,  Maxwell. 
[jamy,  Gorman,  Joseph,  I  laming,  (iallep)-.  IVn-a.  Kcit  hh-y.  llem-ilict, 
r>nll.  1'ortiT,  Klli>on.  (iiddin^-  and  Cleaver.  Thun  comes  material 

a   larp-  volume  on   the  honorahle  juirt  Xuw  Mexico   took    in  the 
war  of  the  rebellion.     The  development  of 

Til  K    ovr.KI.AM>    TKADK 

irom    the  rapaeiiy  of  a  sino-le   annual  train  of  prairie    schooners    in 
.   to  that   of   lour  railroads    now    present   and  centered  upon   the 
valley  of  the  Kio  draiide,  from  as    many  different  points,  would  re- 
«|iiire  other  considerable   vtdumes.     All  this,  and  more,  will  he  foun<' 
undine  in  a  uierd,  deej)  and  >olemuly  thrilling  interest,  all  histor- 
;nid  much  of  it  rivalling  in  ahsorhin^  interest  the  best  inventions 
of  fiction.     Our-  is  the   duty   to  make    the  collection — to  <rather  the 
material  for  the  future  historian.      It  is  certainly  worth  the  effort. 
>hall  the  accumulations  of    the    societv  of  a  few  years  hence,, prove 
that  the  work  now  be^un  in  this  organization,  has  been  well  ami  ef- 
fecinally  followed  up?     Shall  the  t  orch-li^ht  of  the  past  be  handed  on, 
that  the  future  may  profit  by  and  excel  ?     Thu  answer  rests  with  the 

prn|i>  ..)'   N"\\     MeJ 


Certificate  of  Incorporation  of  the  Histori- 
cal Society  of  New  Mexico. 

-  <-f  the  I'm 

-  i)t    i  h.i|it«-r    I    i.f  I'M.- 

•  ' 

.iriirlt--,.  di.i  iiiiicnis,  in,  iiu.irs,  :iniii|ui(iv>.  and  curi- 

.1!  niups.  ;in,l   inf.. i- 
1  •h«H  '  :    its  [irin.-ipal  plan-  ,,f  bu« 

;nl>er,  1880. 
\\      G      RITCH, 

I..    i'.K  \!>l  «>|;|»   PIMM   I 
D  \\  II)  .1      Mil. I  I   II, 
\v  II  I.I  \\\   M     P.n;i.|-:i; 

I.I-.HM  \\  spiEUEl  1:1:1;.. 


18 
CONSTITUTION, 


PREAMBLE. 

We,  whose  nim-s  are  hereto-  aan-vscf,  residents  of  the  Territory  of  NV.v  M  ;vico,  fully  h; 
K'ah  the    vast  field   tor  historical    research    which  surrounds  us.    determined    to   devote    our   be"<r 
energies  to  the   elucidation   if  the  history  of  this  country,  hitherto  unwritten  ;  and,  anxious  to  c>>- 
fn  irate  in  combined  effort  for  this  o-b-ject,  do  now  form  an  association,  and  or  Jain  for  our  g.overn- 
injiH  the  folio-wing; 

CONSTITUTION, 
ARTICLE  I. 

X  XME. 

I  his  Society  sluill  be  caflia  the;  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  NEW  MEXICO. 

E,  II. 


OBJECT. 

The  object  of  this  Society  shall  be-  the  collection  and  preservation,  un  i\-r  i;-  own  care  and 
direction,  of  all  historical  facts,  manuscripts,  documents,  records,  and  in  iin.jivs,  relating-  to  the 
history  of  this  Territory  ;  Indian,  antiquities  and  curiosities  ;  geological  and  mineralogical  speci- 
mens; geographical  maps  and  information-;  and  objects  of  Natural  History. 

ARTICLE  III, 

OFFICERS. 

SECTION-  i.     Its  officers  shal!  be  a  President    Vice  -President,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Record- 
-tary,  and  a  Curator,  (who  shalf  be  ex-  officio  Librarian). 

SEC.  2.  The  above  officers  shall  hold  their  respective  positions  for  <>ne  year,  (except  the  Corre- 
sponding Secretary,  \vho  shall  hold  office  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Society).  The  first  election 
^hall  be  held  on  the  second  Monday  in  January,  1881,  immediately  after  the  adoption  of  the  con- 
stitution, and  be  by  ballot,  requiring  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present.  All  subse- 
quent elections  shall  be  held  CM  the  last  Monday  of  December  of  each  year,  in  the  mode  and 
manner  above  prescribed. 

SEC.  3.  Tlie  President  shall  preside,  preserve  order,  regulate  the  proceedings  of  the  Society,. 
and  state  and  put  all  questions'  to  vote. 

SEC.  4.  The  Vice-president  shall  exercise  all  duties  pertaining  to  the  office  of  President,  in  the 
absence  of  the  latter. 

SK,C.  5.  The  Corresponding  Secretary  shall  give  notice  to  all  newly  electedt  members  of  their 
election;  and  he  shall  manage  all  matters  relating  to  the  interests  of  the  Society  requiring 
correspondence;  he  shall  read  to  the  Society  all  communications  and  replies  which  he  may 
have  made  and  received  during  the  preceding"  recess,  and  then  deliver  them  to  the  Recording 
Secretary;  he  shal!  perform  such  other  duties,  pertaining  to  his  office,  as  the  President  or  Society 
may  direct;  and  shall  preside  during  the  absence  of  the  President  and  Vice  President. 

Six.  6  The  Recording;  Secretary  shall  keep  a  fair  record  of  all  the  proceedings  of  the  Society:. 
he  shall  keep  a  correct  list  of  all  the  members,  and  furnish  the  Corresponding  Secretary  with  the 
names  and  places  of  residence  of  all  newly  elected  members,  and  the  time  of  their  election  j  he 
shall  keep  in  his  possession  all  communications,  records  and  other  papers  belonging  to  the  Society. 
and  to  which  all  members  shall  have  access;  he  shall  receive  all  moneys  clue  to  the  Society 
and  hand  the  same  over  to  the  Treasurer,  taking  his  receipt  therefor. 

The  Treasurer  shall  keep  safely  all  funds  which  may  come  into  his  hands,  and  pay  them  out 
only  upon  draft  made  by  the  President  and  countersigned  by  the  Recording  Secretary'-;  he  shall 
report  quarterly  of  the  condition  of  the  Treasuiy. 

SEC.  7.  The  Curator  shall  take  charge  of,  and  classify,  all  Indian  and  other  antiquities  and  curios- 
ities; geological  and  mineralogical  spc-ci.iiens:  geographical  maps,  and  objects  of  Natural  History. 

SEC.  3.  In  the  absence  of  the  presiding  officers  above  designated,  the  Society  may  elect  a 
President  pro  tern.  5  and  in  the  absence  of  other  officers,  the  presiding  officer  may  appoint  pro 
tern. 

ARTICLE  IV. 
MEETINGS. 

The  regular  meeting  of  the  Society  shall  be  held  on  the  third  Monday  of  each  month,  and 
special  meetings  may  be  called  at  any  time  by  the  President,  upon  the  application  of  five  mem- 
bers, or  by  resolution  of  any  previous  meeting. 

A'.JTICLE  V. 
MEMBERSHIP. 

SECTION  i.  Application  for  membership  must  be  made  to  the  Society,  at  one  of  its  regular 
meetings,  in  Writing,  and  recommended  by  two  members;  which  application  shall  lie  upon 
the  table  until  the  next  regular  meeting  thereafter,  when  a  ballot  shall  be  had.  A  vote  of  two 
thirds  of  the  members  present  shall  be  necessary  to  an  election. 

SEC.  2.  Persons  not  residents  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  may  be  proposed  as  honorary 
member^  of  the  Society,  by  a  member,  and  may  be  elected  at  any  regular  meeting,  provided  three- 
fourths  of  the  members  present  concur  therein. 

SEC.  3.  Corresponding  members  may  be  elected,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members 
present  at  any  regular  meeting. 

SEC.  4.  All  persons  who  shall  subscribe  to  this  constitution,  or  be  elected  members  of  the  Soci- 
ety7 in  accordance  with  its  provisions,  shall  pay  to  the  Treas'urer  five  dollars,  initiation  fee. 

SEC.  5.  All  persons  who  have  been  elected  members,  who  shall  not  sign  the  constitution  and 
by-laws  within  three  months  from  the  date  of  their  election,  such  election  -shall  be  void. 


V.' 

M:  !'i<  i.i:  vi. 

\  ,  it    shall    be     ill\ •:•' 

hosen  by  !•.. 
18  sljyll  be  .1,  I,  \i/.  : 

<.  The  S.M  ij.ni  on  the  Imli.ui  K 

' 

,.dl  be  the  du  above  designated  to  taVe  cognizance  of  all  detail* 

aij   keepa   record  of  ita  cessions  and  pro*< 

.    ty    for  its  action,   and  for  preservation 

and  the  permanent  officers  shall  not  be  pre- 

II-..MII  electio:.  :IMII. 

•  PS,  manuscripts,  specimens,  antiquities,  cunositii  ted  by 

;ted,  as  heretofore  directed,  with  the   Recording  Secretary-  or  Curator, 

Aimru-:  vii. 

-IJIl'. 

device,  and  issue  certificates  of  membership,  under 

.     .1-  ai.iy   he  deemed  nee--- 

AKTK  LK   VIII. 

.  \\  > . 

is  may  be  deemed   necessary,   in    accordance    with    tlie 
:   the  constitution. 

AKTK  I.i;    IN 

-.iry   to  constitute   a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of 
:  any  meeting,   but  a  less  number  may  a<lj  mm  t>>the  next  regular  meeting. 

A  If!  K  I.K    X. 

ts  shall  be  i  institution  unless  submitted  in  writing  at  a  regular  meet- 

I  c  -ucurrctl  in    at  t'.ie    next  regular   meetirlg  by   a  vote  of  two-thirds   of  the 


BY-LAWS. 


nual  meeti':^  shall   beheld  on  the  last   Monday   in   December  of  each 

i       The  election  of  officers  for   the  next  ensuing  v< 

then  be  made.      Nominal!  .us  for   nflicers  shall  be    made  at    the  monthly    meeting  next   pn  • 
the  annual  meeting,  :md  shall  be  recorded  in  the  minutes. 

AKTICM-:   II. 

All  coiii:iiiiU--.-s  shall  In-  appointed  by  the  President,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  resolution. 

AKTIU.K  III. 

F  :<-taiy  shall    keep,  in    addition  to   the  records  of  the   meeting,  a 

•lition    ami    I  Society,    which  shall  be    .subscribed  by  the 

pf  their  admission,  with  their  place  of  residence  and  date   of  ad- 

!:iifiits  made  to  the  Constitution  and  I'.y-Laus: 

in  which  he  shall   enter  all  moneys  received  by    him,  from  wh.it- 

id  all    payments  iii  MIU  of  the   So,  i,-t\  ;    lie  shall  also    keep    a  check   or 

ft  .m  which  he  shall    till  up  all  checks  for    the  signature  of  the   President    and  attest 

i  lie  President  may  deem  necessary. 

''.d!  not  pay    out  any    money  unless    on  a    warrant  drawn  by  the  Presi- 
dent, under   tt  the    Kecor,;  i,  at  the 
.ipn:i    a  final                                                         ti  by    the  1  :                               utee.  ht: 
shall  tu                                                                     in    his  haiii! 
therefor. 

MM  H    I.I.    l\ 

•    hi->   install  •    shall    appoint  two  committees, 

consisting   o|   : 

Coininitte.'."    who  sh  ::ired  to  be   ap- 

•    term  shall  be  appointed  immediately  after  their  adoption. 

[(    I.I.    \ 

i  the   books  of  th<  and  the 

•line  and    audit  all  .'id    expenditures    made    by     tl. 

•it ;  they 
:    red  the  number  of  each  account  audited,  in  who 


20 

•;iereof;  at  the  expiration  ot   their  term,   they  shall  render  a  report  of  the  fir 

Sial  condition  of  the  Society,  stating  the  amount  received  and  expended,  as  well  as  the  amount  of 
funds  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  at  the  expiration  of  his  terni  of  office, 

ARTICLE  VI, 

SECTION  i.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  procure  a  suitable  room  u 
rooms  for  the  use  of  the  Society;  procure  all  furniture  and  other  articles  which  may  be  necessary 
for  the  preservation  of  the  archives  and  cabinets  of  specimens  belonging  to  the  Society,  or  tend- 
ing to  its  comfort  arvd  accommodation  ;  they  shall  superintend  the  publication  of  all  documents, 
reports,  etc.,  ordered  to  be  printed,  and  shall  have  the  supervision  and  management  of  all  matter* 
having  reference  to  the  internal  arrangements  and  well-being  of  the  Society  ;  they  shall  present 
all  bills  for  purchase  and  expenditures  made  by  them  to  the  Finance  Committee,  to  be  audited 
and  settled. 

SKC.  2.  An  appeal  may  be  taken  from  the  decision  of  the  Finance  Committee  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  whenever  necessary,  to  the  Society,  in  session,  at  any  regular  monthly  meeting. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

The  Recording  Secretary  shall  procure  printed,  engraved,  or  illumined,  diplomas  or  certificate- 
of  membership,  which  he  shall  fill  up  with  the  name  of  each  member  and  the  date  of' his  admis- 
sion, stating  the  class  of  his  membership,  whether  a  member,  a  corresponding  member,  or  an 
honorary  member:  and  after  causing  it  to  be  signed  by  the  President,  and  affixing  the  seal  .there- 
to, duly  attested,  with  his  signature,  he  shall  deliver  the  same  to  the  Corresponding  Secretary, 
for  transmission. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

Each  member  shall  pay  into  the  Treasury,  semi-annualy,  the  sum  of  two  dollars,  as  dues,  which 
may  be  increased  or  diminished  only  upon  a  motion  in  writing  made  at  a  regular  meeting,  and 
i>e  adopted  by  a  vote  of  two  thirds  of  the  members  present. 

ARTICLE  IX, 

Any  member  failing  to  pay   his   dues   for   six   months,    upon    being   notified    by    the    Secrets 
stating  the  amount   clue,   shall   forfeit 'his  membership,   unless    a    sufficient    excuse    be  given    and     ( 
accepted  by  the  Society. 

ARTICLE  X. 

Anv  member  may  withdraw  from  the  Society  upon  presenting  a  written  resignation,  accom 
panied  by  the  Treasurer's  receipt  for  all  indebtedness  on  his  part  to  the  Society. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

SKCTK'N  i.  The  following  shall  be  the  order  of  business  after  the  meeting  is  called  to  order, 
ti 

.   Reading  the  minutes  of  the  last  stated  and  intervening  meeting*. 
.  Application  of  candidates  for  membership. 
.    Election  and  admission  of  new  members. 
Unfinished  business. 
Reports  of  Committees  and  action  thereon. 

6.  Election  of  Officers. 

7.  Resolutions. 

8.  Communications  received,  read,  and  disposed  of. 

9.  Reports  from  Sections. 

10.  Reading  of  papers    by  members    present,   and  addresses    0:1    subjects  embraced    within    the 
objects  of  the  Society. 

SKC.  2.      The  above  order  of  business  may  be  dispensed  with  by  a  vote  of  the  Society. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

No  other  matter  shall  be  discussed    at  any  special  meeting  except   that   for  which   it  h 
called,  and  no  appropriation  of  money  shall  be  made  except  at  a  regular  meeting. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

All  proceedings  at  the  meetings  of  this  Society  shall  be  governed  by  the  most  approved  parlia- 
mentary rules ;  all  motions  shall  be  reduced  to  writing  when  required  by  the  President,  and  an 
appeal  may  always  be  had  to  the  Society  from  the  decision  of  the  chair. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

Upon  the  death  of  a  member  of  this  Society,  in  good  standing,  if  a  resident  of  the  place  where 
the  meetings  of  the  Society  are  held,  his  funeral  shall  be  attended  by  the  Society  in  a  body,  ana 
the  members  thereof  shall  wear  [he  customary  badge  of  mourning  for  thirty  days. 

ARTICLE  XV. 

The  hour  of  meeting  of  this  Society  shall  be  from  October  ist  to  April  3oth,  at  7  o'clock  p.  M., 
and  from  May  ist  to  September  3Oth,  at  8  o'clock  i'.  M. 

ARTICLE  XVI. 

All  donations  made  to  the  Society  shall  be  reported  and  entered  upon  the  minutes. 

ARTICLE    XVII. 

No  additions  or  amendments  shall  be  made  to  these  By-Laws  unless  submitted  in  writing  at  a 
regular  meeting  of  the  Society,  and  concurred  in  at  the  next  regular  meeting  by  a  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  present. 


